Wedge Aerator at the Bottom Outlet in Flat Tunnels

Aerators are applied to provide air entrainment and cavitation erosion protections for high-speed flows. By traditional chute aerators in high-head bottom tunnels, it is difficult maintain effective aeration protection low-Froude-number small-slope conditions. The present study explores a wedge aerator design at the outlet, detailed experimental data on cavity entrained diffusion were obtained assess performance. separates water flow from outlet into an upper free jet lower layer, creating middle cavity. flowing layer can enhance stability, ensuring cross-sectional generation downstream due collision interactions. Froude number vertical location main parameters affecting coefficient, concentration distribution, sufficient concentrations close floor. Optimized proposed, indicating that interior separation hydraulic outlets engineering.